An element of Traffic Engineering is ensuring that a specific path is followed (or avoided). For example in an MPLS environment certain nodes or links can be coloured. If the main path fails the backup path knows which specific links or nodes to follow (or avoid) based on the colouring plan. This ensures that connections that are part of a protected circuit will never travel through a common (busy) point.
Traffic Engineering also allows available bandwidth to be reserved along a path.
Ok slightly more than a one liner but its still quick...
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